Work machines with tools in planetary and axial movement



Sept. 22, 1964 E. c. MAGUIRE 3,149,440

WORK MACHINES wrm TOOLS IN PLANETARY AND AXIAL MOVEMENT Filed March 1,1960 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 ATTORNEY 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 FIG.

Sept, 22, 1964 E. c. MAGUIRE WORK MACHINES WITH TOOLS IN PLANETARY ANDAXIAL MOVEMENT Filed March 1. 1960 Sept. 22, 1964 E. c. MAGUIRE WORKMACHINES WITH TOOLS IN PLANETARY AND AXIAL MOVEMENT 4 Sheets-Sheet 3Filed March 1. 1960 mmmwmm O 4 a l A l 4 d 8 ux/ r A F I ATTORNEY Sept.1964 E. c. MAGUIRE 3,149,440

WORK MACHINES WITH TOOLS IN PLANETARY AND AXIAL MOVEMENT Filed March 1.1960 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 "mum INVENTOR WC. 418 1 5 IW%M mm. P

United States Patent 3,149,449 WORK MAQWQES WITH TGQLS EN PLANETARY ANDAXIAL MGVEMENT Edward Christopher Maguire, deceased, late of Baltimore,Md, by Helen T. Maguire and loop H, A. Pierson, executors, both ofBaltimore, Md, assignors to Edward Charles Maguire and .lohn .I. lfl'aguire, Baltimore, M

Filed Mar. 1, 196-9, filer. No. 12,631 Claims. (Cl. 51%) This inventionrelates to cutting, polishing and grinding machines of improvedstructure and function in which the machines themselves are simplifiedand of increased capacity and improved structure.

In certain cutting, grinding, related operations as eretofore carriedout, the piece being operated on is clamped rigidly in place while arevolving cutit wheel is brought down to engage the work piece cuttingthrough the latter from one side to the other. in such operations, theminimum size wheel recuired to cut off a round or other section willdemand a diameter such that the radius plus the hub is somewhat greaterthan the piece to be cut. This method in addition to requiring arelatively large diameter wheel also requires considerably more powerdue to the friction between the wheel face and the work since by cuttingstraight through the piece, the wheel faces must contact maximumworkpiece surface as the wheel cuts further into the metal or othermaterial.

Gther common methods of cutting ofi' material employ machines thatutilize reciprocating hack saw and revolving band saw operations. Suchmachines are limited in capacity, are subject to frequent breakdown, andexhibit other defects.

Among the objects of the present invention are machines for cutting,grinding, abrading, polishing, otherwise operating on workpieces thatenable small-e work-wheels to be employed, minimizing powerrequireients, reducing friction losses, increasing capacity, and greatlysimplifying the structures and operations while resulting in substantialeconomies.

Other objects and advantages will appear from the more detaileddescription set for h below, it being on derstood that this moredetailed description is given by way of illustration and explanation,and not limitation, since various changes therein may be made by thoseskilled in the art without departing from the sco e and spirit of thepresent invention.

In that connection, the drawings show the following. FIGURE 1 is a sideelevation of one form of planetary cutting machine in accordance withthe present invention. FIGUR 2 is a section on line 22 of FIG' l andFIGURE 3 is a fragmentary section on line 33 of FIGURE 2. FIGURE-3 4 isa fragmentary section partl broken away showing the cutter at thebeginning of the cutting operation while FIGURE 5 is a similarfragmentary section showing the cutter at the conclusion of the cuttingoperation.

FIGURE 6 is a side elevation of one form of cutter feed mechanismutilizing a friction drive. FIGURES 7 and 8 are fragmentary sections onlines 77 and 3-3 respectively of FIGURE 6. FIGURE 74: is a modified formof FIGURE 7.

FIGURE 9 is a side elevation of cutter feed mechanism utiliz ngstar-wheel feed control. FIGURE 10 is a fragmentaiy section on line1fi-19 of FIGURE 9.

FIGURE 11 is a side elevation of cutter feed mechanism utflizingpressure-fluid operated cylinder and pistonrod feed control. FIGURE 12is a fragmentary section on line l212 of FIGURE 11. FIGURE 13 is afragmentary vertical section on line 13-13 of FIGURE 11 illustrating thepressure fluid valve control.

FIGURE 14 is a side elevation of a form of device employed forpolishing, and FIGURE 15 is a section on line 15l5 of FIGURE 14. FIGURE16 is a top plan View of the device in FIGURE 14.

In accordance with the present invention, a machine is provided foroperating on a workpiece with a tool rotating in peripheral contact withthe workpiece. The workpiece is held conveniently in position on aWorkholding member or arbor supported on a base. esirably thework-holding member or arbor has a turret memher having a face portionon which the tool is mounted, such mounting depending on the type oftool to be employed. Thus for rotating tools for cutting, abrasive, andsimilar work it is convenient to mount a lever pivotally on the face ofthe turret so that the lever pivots or reciprocates toward and away fromthe workpiece a tool mounted on the lever may be positioned foroperating on the Work. Desirably means are provided on the turret forautomatically and progressively moving the tool toward the peripheralsurface of the workpiece which surface may be either externally orinternally of the workpiece. in addition to cutting, abrading,contouring, and polishing sections, or articles exteriorly, similaroperations may be carried out interiorly of large tubular sections. Inpower operation, power is supplied to operate the turret and tool;illustratively a motor is mounted on a base or arbor and powerconnections supplied between the motor and the tool to rotate the latterboth aydally and planetarially, and between the power source and theturret member to supply power for movement of the cutter toward theworkpiece for operating contact therewith and to maintain cutting ofworking operation of tool on workpiece.

Thus in exterior contact between tool and workpiece, the tool hasplanetary movement around the work at the same time that it is urgedinto cutting or other operating contact and while the tool is rotatingaxially to effect the operation. Or when the tool moves interiorly oflarge tubular work it may cut off or contour interiorly of the workwhile the tool rotates on its own axis and also in interior circularperipheral contact with the work while being urged toward the work.

The tool may of course be of diiferent and varying ty es, particularutility being obtained in cutting, abrading, contouring, polishing andanalogous operations exteriorly or interiorly. While a primary functionis to cut off round sections of pipe, tubing and barstock, the inventionmay be equally adapted to handling other articles of any cross-sectionalshape such as triangular, rectangular, sqaure, hexagonal, octangnlar, orirregular in cross section. These shapes may be composed of any desiredtypes of materials such as metal, plastics that are hard or less rigid,fusible and intusible plastics, synthetic resins and polymers, glass,concrete, rubber, cork etc. The tool for cut-oil purposes may be ofabrasive, metal, diamond etc. For polishing, any of the usual polishingwheels may be used or polishing belts may be employed for exanple tobuff, grind or polish the outside of round sections. To illustrate theinvention it will be sufficient to utilize a round metal tubular memberand show various operations as carried out thereon.

Considering first planetary operating mechanism, used for cutting atubular member, and referring now to FIG- URES 1 to 5, base 1 supoprtsdrive motor 2 which latter is coupled to gear reducer 3. Tubular member4 is sup ported above and on base 1. Member 4 may be provided with a 3or 4-3'aw or other chuck 4a of conventional design to hold the workpiece5 in position. Turret 7 is mounted for revolution on horizontal member4, the turret 7 having pulley segment 8 with face portion 9 on .h thetool is placed as explained below together with the mechanism forprogressively advancing the tool into the work.

Turret 7 is powered by means of belts 19 and pulley 11 on the slow speedshaft 12 of gear reducer 3.

Sheave or pulley 13 is mounted for rotation on turret 7 and is driven bybelts 14 from driving pulley 15 on the high speed or input shaft 16 ofgear reducer 3. The tool, here illustrated by cutter wheel 17, ismounted for rotation on spindle 13 in suitable bearings and is driven bybelts 19 from pulley 28 the latter being rotated by belts 21 from sheave13. At the beginning of the cutting operation cutter wheel 17 is aboutto contact workpiece 5, while at the end of the cutting operation asshown in FIGURE it has completed the cutting operation. In FIGURE 1 thecutter has been moved in guide slot 18 to retracted position while theworkpiece is being positioned.

Thus it will be seen, to cut off a piece of stock 5, the stock isadvanced so that the proper length projects from tubular member 4 and isclamped to prevent rotation. The motor is started and the turretrevolved carrying the rapidly axially rotating cut-off wheel around theaxis of the work in a planetary path. The cutter wheel advances towardthe center of the work in an are described about the lever pivot (thelever being described below with respect to the automatic progressiveadvancement of the tool into the workpiece). The wheel thus makes a cutaround the entire periphery of the work. This dedescription willillustrate the structure and operation of the cutoff operation inplanetary movement exteriorly around a stationary workpiece. And it willbe seen that in such operation in which the tool revolves in planetarymotion around the workpiece, while spinning on its own axis, highlyimproved cutting is obtained with a smaller cutting wheel under moreeconomical control.

While as shown above the mechanism operates for planetary cutting 0E andrelated operations such as contouring, abrading, polishing and analogouswork it is desirable to employ mechanism for automatic feed of the toolsuch as cut-off wheel toward or into the work. A variety of types ofsuch mechanisms are available and will be illustrated below.

Referring first to FIGURES 6 to 8, these illustrate a fraction driveunit for progressively moving the tool toward the workpiece 5, thelatter as indicated above in connection with FIGURES 1 to 4 being atubular member. Threaded shaft 25 is placed on face 9 of turret 7 in adirection radial to the axis of the turret, shaft 25 being mounted inbearing 26 at one end and in bearing 27 at the other. Shaft 25 carriesconical member 28 fixedly mounted thereon to turn with shaft 25, whilenut 29 is mounted on shaft 25 close enough to element 9 of turret 7 sothat rotation of shaft 25 will advance nut 23. Conical member 28 engagesfrictionally against conical pulley 30 mounted on turret 7, for rotationthereon, by belt 31 running over pulley 32 operated from gear box 3.Here the lever in the form of bellcrank 33 has arm 34 provided withopening 35 which embraces nut 29. The other arm 36 of the bellcrankcarries cutter wheel 17 thereon.

In this arrangement, power is taken oh the output shaft of the gearreducer to an adjustable speed drive unit so that the output speed canbe varied while the input speed is constant. As illustrated above, belt31 drives conical pulley 36 which frictionally moves con cal member 28.The latter rotates shaft which advances nut 29. The latter movesbellcrank 33 so that wheel 17 is fed toward workpiece 5. The rate offeed can be varied by varying the adjustable speed unit. After a cut iscompleted the drive motor is reversed to return the cut-off wheel to itsformer position ready for the next cut. Alternatively, the frictionfaces may be replaced with bevel gears to provide positive drive asshown in FIGURE 7a, which is exactly like FIGURE 7 except that conicalmember 28 is replaced by bevel gear 28 and conical pulley is replaced byconical gear Sit meshing with bevel gear 28 Referring now to FIGURES 9and 10, these illustrate the utilization of a star-wheel drivemechanism. Axially rotatable threaded shaft 49 is mounted in bearings41, 42 on turret 7 in a direction radial to the axis of the turret shaft4-0. Nut 43 closely adjacent element 9 of turret 7 is movable on shaftupon axial rotation of the latter. Star wheel 44 is fixedly attached onshaft 49 so that its rotation will moveshaft 4t? and advance nut 43.Indexing pin 45, is mounted on the case of motor 2. Ann 46 of bellcrank47 has opening 48 which embraces nut 43, the other arm 49 of bellcrank47 carrying cutter wheel 17 pivoted thereon.

This type of arrangement is analogous to that of the preceding frictiondrive feed except that the conical friction drive members and theadjustable speed drive unit are not used, and the actuating screw shaftis driven by means of the star wheel. At each revolution of the turretthe star Wheel is actuated by means of the indexing pin which latteradvances the star wheel the distance between teeth. Otherwise thestructure is the same as in FIGURES 68.

Now, referring to FIGURES 11 to 13, these illustrate the utilization ofa pressure fluid cylinder and piston actuated feed of the tool. Lever 50is pivoted at 51 on turret face 9' and outer end 52 of lever 56 ispivotedly connected to piston 53 actuated by fluid pressure cylinder 54,the

latter being rigidly mounted on turret face 9. Cutter wheel 17 ispivotally mounted on lever 50 between the ends thereof, so that movementof lever Si by controlled fluid pressure operation in cylinder 54 willmove tool 17 to and from the workpiece. Any appropriate type ofconventional revolving gland or joint 55 may serve as a source of airfor these purposes, to bring air to and from the cylinder from anoutside source.

FIGURE 13 illustrates the one form of valve control of the air, using afour-way valve to the air supply (not shown) and cylinder 54. The valvecontrols air fiow to each side of the piston in the cylinder to feed thecutting wheel toward the workpiece or to retract it at the end of thecutting operation. Compressed air enters at 56 t0 four-way valve 57controlled by a handle which in one position 53 feeds air to move thecutting wheel into contact with the work for cutting, while in the otherposition 59 feeds air to produce retraction of the cutting wheel fromthe workpiece. The air connecting lines 6t! and 61 serve to carry theair to and away from air passages 62 and 63 in the usual type ofrevolving packing association, the passages then connecting one to eachend of cylinder While air operated mechanism is illustrated, otherpneumatic arrangements may be used, and hydraulic or other liquid pumpsmay also be used.

Referring now to FIGURES 14 to 16, these illustrate the externalpolishing machine in which it may be briefly first explained that anidler pulley and stud assembly are added to the turret face and anabrasive belt threaded around pulleys and into contact with workpiece.Where polishing is limited to an area equal to the width of the belt,the workpiece is clamped against movement while the turret revolvesabout the work and the belt is moving in polishin contact across thework. It may be said that the polishing belt assembly describes aplanetary movement around the workpiece at the same time that itpolishes across it. But there is no progressive movement of the beltalong the workpiece.

However where polishing action is desired along a length of workpiecegreater than the width of the polishing belt, the workpiece may bemounted for movement forwardly on the horizontal member desirably at apredetermined rate so that its entire surface is polished by the belt asthe assembly revolves about it.

In Fl-GURES 14 to 16, the same structure as in FIG- URES l to '3 isemployed insofar as there is a base support for the motor which latteris coupled to a gear re ducer. Also the tubular member is supportedabove and on the base, and said tubular member may carry the chuck ofconventional design for holding the workpiece stationary if the piece isnot to move during polishing. Where the piece is to move forwardlyduring polishing, any conventional mechanism for moving it forwardly maybe used. Thus as illustrated in FIGURE 14, motor 70 pivotmounted at 71drives feed pulley 72 that urges workpiece forwardly, the workpiecemoving over idling pulley 7 3. Such forward movement may be continuousor intermittent. As in FIGURE 1, turret 7 is mounted for revolution onhorizontal member 4, turret 7 having face portion 9 on which thepolishing attachment is placed, as described below. As in FIGURE 1turret 7 is powered by means of the belt and pulley on the slow speedshaft of the gear reducer 3. Sheave or pulley 13 is mounted, as inFIGURE 1, for rotation on tubular member 4 and is driven by belts 14from the driving pulley on the high speed or input shaft of the gearreducer.

For polishing, stud assembly 60 including driving pulley 61 is mountedfor belt driving rotation on stated turret face 9 and idler pulley 62 ispivot-mounted and springloaded on turret face 9 so that abrasive belt 63may be threaded around the pulleys and workpiece 5 as shown. The powerconnections for polishing for revolution of the turret and sheave arethe same as in FIGURE 1, but in the machine of FIGURE 14, revolution ofsheave 13 (FIGURE 1) is connected to cause revolution of driving pulley1 so that the belt travels in polishing motion across the surface of theworkpiece, while revolution of the turret carries the polishing assemblycircumferentially around the workpiece. As sh wn in dotted lines inPKGURE 14, the belt may be moved into retracted position when workpieceis being fed forward prior to the start of the polishing operation.

Any of the machines and methods set forth above, may use a single sourceof power as illustrated, or multiple sources of power may be employed asfor operation of turret and tool.

Having thus set forth the invention, what is claimed is:

1. A cut-oil machine for operating on a work piece having an axialcenter by a planetary moving cut-off tool, said machine including abase, a horizontally disposed tubular member supported on said baseagainst movement thereon, adjustable chuck means associated with saidtubular member for holding a workpiece therein, a turret member carriedon said tubular member for rotation thereon in a plane fixed angularlywith respect to said chuck means, said turret member having a faceportion,

a lever mounted on a lever pivot on one side of said face portion onlyfor reciprocating movement of the lever toward and away from saidtubular member, a cut-01f tool mounted directly on said reciprocatinglever, means mounted on the face portion of said turret member forprogressively moving said cut-ofl tool inwardly toward said tubularmember to cut oil said workpiece, power means for rotating said turretmember upon said tubular member, power means for rotating said cut-offtool, and power means for imparting movement to said means forprogressively moving said cut-off tool inwardly toward said workpiece,whereby planetary movement of the cutofi tool around the workpieceproceeds while the cut-off tool rotates on its axis and revolves withsaid turret member and progressively moves radially toward the center ofthe workpiece operated upon in an are described about said lever pivot.

2. The machine of claim 1 in which a source of power is mounted on thebase, a gear reducer operated by the source of power, a slow speed shaftoperated by the gear reducer from which shaft the power for rotating theturret member is transmitted to said turrret member from the slow speedshaft of the gear reducer rotated by the source of power.

3. The machine of claim 2 in which the means on the turret forprogressively moving the tool toward the workiece includes apressure-fluid operated cylinder and piston rod.

4. The machine of claim 1, in which a motor is mounted on the base andsupplies the power to rotate the turret member, to rotate said cut-ofitool, and for imparting power to the means for imparting movement formoving said cut-ofi tool inwardly toward the workpiece.

5. T he machine of claim 1 in which the means on the face portion of theturret member for progressively moving the tool toward the w rkpieceincludes a pressurefiuid operated cylinder and piston rod.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS961,969 Klinglofi June 21, 1910 1,217,417 Cumming Feb. 27, 19171,956,068 Herzog Apr. 24, 1934 2,009,452 Moomaw July 30, 1935 2,165,118White July 4, 1939 2,693,066 Berstecher Nov. 2, 1954

1. A CUT-OFF MACHINE FOR OPERATING ON A WORK PIECE HAVING AN AXIALCENTER BY A PLANETARY MOVING CUT-OFF TOOL, SAID MACHINE INCLUDING ABASE, A HORIZONTALLY DISPOSED TUBULAR MEMBER SUPPORTED ON SAID BASEAGAINST MOVEMENT THEREON, ADJUSTABLE CHUCK MEANS ASSOCIATED WITH SAIDTUBULAR MEMBER FOR HOLDING A WORKPIECE THEREIN, A TURRET MEMBER CARRIEDON SAID TUBULAR MEMBER FOR ROTATION THEREON IN A PLANE FIXED ANGULARLYWITH RESPECT TO SAID CHUCK MEANS, SAID TURRET MEMBER HAVING A FACEPORTION, A LEVER MOUNTED ON A LEVER PIVOT ON ONE SIDE OF SAID FACEPORTION ONLY FOR RECIPROCATING MOVEMENT OF THE LEVER TOWARD AND AWAYFROM SAID TUBULAR MEMBER, A CUT-OFF TOOL MOUNTED DIRECTLY ON SAIDRECIPROCATING LEVER, MEANS MOUNTED ON THE FACE PORTION OF SAID TURRETMEMBER FOR PROGRESSIVELY MOVING SAID CUT-OFF TOOL INWARDLY TOWARD SAIDTUBULAR MEMBER TO CUT OFF SAID WORKPIECE, POWER MEANS FOR ROTATING SAIDTURRET MEMBER UPON SAID TUBULAR MEMBER, POWER MEANS FOR ROTATING SAIDCUT-OFF TOOL, AND POWER MEANS FOR IMPARTING MOVEMENT TO SAID MEANS FORPROGRESSIVELY MOVING SAID CUT-OFF TOOL INWARDLY TOWARD SAID WORKPIECE,WHEREBY PLANETARY MOVEMENT OF THE CUTOFF TOOL AROUND THE WORKPIECEPROCEEDS WHILE THE CUT-OFF TOOL ROTATES ON ITS AXIS AND REVOLVES WITHSAID TURRET MEMBER AND PROGRESSIVELY MOVES RADIALLY TOWARD THE AXIALCENTER OF THE WORKPIECE OPERATED UPON IN AN ARC DESCRIBED ABOUT SAIDLEVER PIVOT.